Cov ntaub ntawv ntim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab kev tshawb nrhiav kev sib raug zoo

Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm tib neeg txoj kev ua neej nyob, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce yog booming. Niaj hnub no, cov pab pawg ntawm "cov khoom xyaw" txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tau dhau los ua pob tshab, thiab lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb tau dhau los ua qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Ntxiv nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom xyaw tshuaj pleev ib ce lawv tus kheej, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Thaum lub ntim ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce ua lub luag haujlwm zoo nkauj, nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm lub cev, tshuaj, microbial thiab lwm yam kev phom sij. Xaiv cov ntim tsim nyog Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tuaj yeem lav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntim nws tus kheej thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav tsum tau sawv qhov kev xeem. Tam sim no, muaj ob peb cov qauv kev sim thiab cov kev cai cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntim hauv cov khoom kom zoo nkauj. Rau kev kuaj pom ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab cov teeb meem uas muaj cov khoom ntim pleev xim rau cov tshuaj pleev, lub ntsiab kev siv yog rau cov kev cai thiab tshuaj. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom siv feem ntau siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, daim ntawv no txheeb xyuas cov khoom xyaw tsis zoo hauv cov khoom ntim, thiab kev ntsuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim thaum lawv tau ntsib nrog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, uas muab qee yam kev taw qhia rau kev xaiv thiab kev nyab xeeb. kuaj cov khoom ntim khoom kom zoo nkauj. xa mus rau. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lawv cov kev ntsuam xyuas, ib co hnyav hlau thiab tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem additives yog mas kuaj. Hauv kev soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce feem ntau yog txiav txim siab.

1. Hom kev ntim khoom siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce

Tam sim no, cov khoom ntim khoom siv feem ntau siv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce muaj xws li iav, yas, hlau, ceramic thiab lwm yam. Kev xaiv ntawm cov ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce txiav txim siab nws txoj kev lag luam thiab qib rau qee yam. Cov khoom ntim iav tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce high-end vim lawv cov tsos zoo nkauj. Cov khoom ntim yas tau nce lawv qhov sib koom ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom lag luam txhua xyoo vim lawv cov yam ntxwv ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Airtightness feem ntau yog siv rau cov tshuaj tsuag. Raws li hom tshiab ntawm cov khoom ntim, cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tau maj mam nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntim khoom lag luam vim lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb siab thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj.

1.1iavs

Cov ntaub ntawv iav muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm amorphous inorganic non-metallic cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis zoo, tsis yooj yim rau cov khoom xyaw kom zoo nkauj, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv muaj cov khoom thaiv kev tiv thaiv siab thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag mus. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv iav yog pob tshab thiab pom kev zoo nkauj, thiab lawv yuav luag monopolized nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm high-end tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab perfumes. Hom iav feem ntau siv hauv cov ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce yog dej qab zib silicate iav thiab borosilicate iav. Feem ntau, cov duab thiab tsim ntawm hom ntim khoom no kuj yooj yim. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj xim zoo nkauj, qee cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv los ua kom pom cov xim sib txawv, xws li ntxiv Cr2O3 thiab Fe2O3 los ua kom cov iav pom ntsuab ntsuab, ntxiv Cu2O kom nws liab, thiab ntxiv CdO kom nws tshwm emerald ntsuab. . Lub teeb daj, thiab lwm yam hauv kev pom ntawm qhov yooj yim muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm iav ntim cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis muaj cov khoom siv ntau dhau, tsuas yog kev kuaj xyuas cov hlau hnyav feem ntau yog ua los ntawm kev tshawb pom cov teeb meem hauv cov khoom ntim iav. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov qauv tsim muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov hlau hnyav hauv iav ntim cov ntaub ntawv rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tab sis cov hlau lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, thiab lwm yam yog txwv nyob rau hauv cov qauv rau cov tshuaj iav ntim cov ntaub ntawv, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav. ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom kom zoo nkauj. Feem ntau, cov iav ntim cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis lawv daim ntawv thov kuj muaj qee qhov teeb meem, xws li kev siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov nqi thauj mus los siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub khob ntim khoom nws tus kheej, nws yog rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum cov tshuaj pleev ib ce raug thauj los ntawm qhov chaw kub kub mus rau qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias, cov khoom ntim iav yog qhov ua rau cov kab nrib pleb khov thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

1.2Yas

Raws li lwm cov khoom ntim khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, yas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub teeb yuag, ruaj khov thiab xim yooj yim. Piv nrog rau cov khoom ntim iav, kev tsim cov khoom ntim yas yog ntau haiv neeg, thiab cov qauv sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li cov ntawv thov sib txawv. Cov yas siv los ua cov khoom ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce hauv khw feem ntau suav nrog polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), styrene-acrylonitrile polymer (AS), polyparaphenylene Ethylene glycol dicarboxylate-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (PETG), , acrylonitrile-butadiene[1] styrene terpolymer (ABS), thiab lwm yam, ntawm cov PE, PP, PET, AS, PETG tuaj yeem tiv tauj ncaj qha nrog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj pleev ib ce. Acrylic hu ua plexiglass muaj siab permeability thiab zoo nkauj tsos, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ncaj qha rau cov ntsiab lus. Nws yuav tsum tau nruab nrog ib lub liner los thaiv nws, thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj cov ntsiab lus nkag mus rau ntawm lub liner thiab lub raj mis acrylic thaum sau. Kev tawg tshwm sim. ABS yog cov yas engineering thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv tauj ncaj qha nrog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Txawm hais tias cov khoom ntim yas tau siv dav, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov yas thiab ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov yas thaum ua, qee cov khoom siv ntxiv uas tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau yog siv, xws li plasticizers, antioxidants, stabilizers, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias muaj qee yam kev xav. rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntim cov hnab yas kom zoo nkauj hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, cov txheej txheem kev soj ntsuam thiab cov txheej txheem tseem tsis tau qhia meej meej. Cov European Union thiab United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cov kev cai tseem tsis tshua muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ntim khoom kom zoo nkauj. txheem. Yog li ntawd, rau kev kuaj pom ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab muaj teeb meem hauv cov khoom ntim pleev xim, peb tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm cov kev cai siv hauv thaj teb thiab tshuaj. Feem ntau siv phthalate plasticizers yog nquag tsiv teb tsaws hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce nrog cov roj ntau lossis cov ntsiab lus hnyav, thiab muaj lub siab toxicity, lub raum toxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity thiab kev ua me nyuam toxicity. kuv lub teb chaws tau hais meej meej txog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov yas zoo li no hauv cov zaub mov. Raws li GB30604.30-2016 "Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Phthalates hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom siv thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws" Kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm diallyl formate yuav tsum qis dua 0.01mg / kg, thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm lwm cov phthalic acid plasticizers yuav tsum qis dua 0.1mg. /kg. Butylated hydroxyanisole yog ib chav kawm 2B carcinogen tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv International Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Mob Cancer raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv kev ua cov khoom siv feem ntau. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb tau tshaj tawm tias nws qhov kev txwv tsis pub noj txhua hnub yog 500μg / kg. kuv lub teb chaws tau teev tseg hauv GB31604.30-2016 tias kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm tert-butyl hydroxyanisole hauv cov ntim yas yuav tsum tsawg dua 30mg / kg. Tsis tas li ntawd, EU kuj tseem muaj cov kev xav tau sib xws rau kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm lub teeb thaiv tus neeg sawv cev benzophenone (BP), uas yuav tsum qis dua 0.6 mg / kg, thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidants yuav tsum qis dua 3 mg / kg. Ntxiv rau cov lus hais saum toj no siv los tsim cov khoom ntim yas uas yuav ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum lawv tuaj yeem tiv nrog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, qee qhov seem monomers, oligomers thiab cov kuab tshuaj kuj yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij, xws li terephthalic acid, styrene, chlorine Ethylene. , epoxy resin, terephthalate oligomer, acetone, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, thiab lwm yam. Lub EU teev tias qhov siab tshaj plaws tsiv teb tsaws ntawm terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid thiab lawv cov derivatives yuav tsum raug txwv rau 5 ~ 7.5mg / kg, thiab kuv lub teb chaws kuj muaj. ua tib yam kev cai. Rau cov kuab tshuaj residual, lub xeev tau hais meej meej hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom ntim tshuaj, uas yog, tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj residues yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 5.0mg / m2, thiab tsis muaj benzene lossis benzene-raws li cov kuab tshuaj.

1.3 Hlau

Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom ntim hlau feem ntau yog txhuas thiab hlau, thiab muaj tsawg dua thiab tsawg dua cov khoom ntim hlau ntshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv ntim cov hlau tuav yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce vim qhov zoo ntawm kev sib khi zoo, cov khoom thaiv zoo, kev kub siab ua haujlwm, kev siv yooj yim, kev siv zog, thiab muaj peev xwm ntxiv boosters. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntau atomized, txhim kho cov nyhuv nqus, thiab muaj qhov txias txias, muab cov neeg zoo li soothing thiab revitalizing daim tawv nqaij, uas tsis ua tiav los ntawm lwm cov khoom ntim. Piv nrog rau cov khoom ntim yas, cov khoom ntim hlau muaj kev nyab xeeb tsawg dua thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlau tawg thiab corrosion ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau.

1.4 Ceramic

Ceramics tau yug los thiab tsim nyob rau hauv kuv lub teb chaws, yog nto moo txawv teb chaws, thiab muaj zoo ornamental nqi. Zoo li iav, lawv yog cov khoom siv tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj hlau. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov zoo, tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, thiab muaj qhov zoo hardness thiab hardness. Thaum tshav kub kub tsis kam, tsis yooj yim rau tawg nyob rau hauv huab cua txias thiab cua sov, yog ib tug heev muaj peev xwm ntim cov khoom kom zoo nkauj. Cov khoom ntim khoom siv ceramic nws tus kheej muaj kev nyab xeeb heev, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qee yam tsis zoo, xws li cov hlau lead tuaj yeem raug qhia thaum lub sij hawm sintering thiaj li yuav txo tau qhov kub ntawm sintering, thiab hlau pigments uas tiv taus kub sintering tej zaum yuav tau qhia nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho qhov zoo nkauj. Ntawm cov ceramic glaze, xws li cadmium sulfide, lead oxide, chromium oxide, manganese nitrate, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, cov hlau hnyav nyob rau hauv cov pigments yuav tsiv mus nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, yog li nrhiav kom tau cov hlau hnyav dissolution nyob rau hauv ceramic ntim cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau. tsis quav ntsej.

2. Packing material compatibility testing

Kev sib raug zoo txhais tau hais tias "kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntim ntim nrog cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ua rau tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntim khoom". Kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib raug zoo yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Nws tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tab sis kuj rau lub koob npe nrov thiab kev loj hlob zeem muag ntawm lub tuam txhab. Raws li cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, nws yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nruj me ntsis. Txawm hais tias kev sim tsis tuaj yeem zam tag nrho cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb, kev sim tsis ua tiav yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev nyab xeeb. Kev ntsuas cov khoom ntim khoom sib xws tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj. Kev ntsuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob qho kev qhia: kev ntsuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus, thiab cov txheej txheem thib ob ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

2.1Compatibility kuaj ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov khoom

Kev soj ntsuam kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus feem ntau suav nrog lub cev sib xws, tshuaj lom neeg sib raug zoo thiab biocompatibility. Ntawm lawv, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas lub cev sib raug zoo yog qhov yooj yim. Nws tsuas yog tshawb xyuas seb cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom ntim muaj feem yuav raug hloov pauv lub cev thaum khaws cia hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo, xws li adsorption, infiltration, nag lossis daus, tawg thiab lwm yam tshwm sim txawv txav. Txawm hais tias ntim cov ntaub ntawv xws li ceramics thiab plastics feem ntau muaj kev ua siab ntev thiab ruaj khov, muaj ntau yam tshwm sim xws li adsorption thiab infiltration. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los soj ntsuam lub cev sib xws ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov khoom. Kev sib raug zoo tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau tshuaj xyuas seb cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom ntim muaj feem yuav raug hloov pauv tshuaj thaum khaws cia rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tsis tshua muaj kub thiab kub kub, xws li seb cov ntsiab lus puas muaj qhov txawv txav xws li discoloration, tsw, pH hloov, thiab delamination. Rau kev kuaj biocompatibility, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo hauv cov khoom ntim rau cov khoom. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab cov teeb meem no yog vim muaj cov concentration gradient ntawm ib sab, uas yog, muaj cov concentration gradient loj ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus kom zoo nkauj; Nws cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom ntim, thiab txawm nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom ntim thiab ua rau cov khoom tsis zoo yuav yaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib cuag mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntim yuav tsiv mus nyob. Rau cov kev cai ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv cov khoom ntim, GB9685-2016 Khoom noj khoom haus sib cuag cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv siv cov qauv rau cov khoom lag luam qhia txog cov hlau hnyav hlau lead (1mg / kg), antimony (0.05mg / kg), zinc (20mg / kg) thiab arsenic ( 1 mg/kg). kg), kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce tuaj yeem xa mus rau cov kev cai hauv cov zaub mov. Kev tshawb pom ntawm cov hlau hnyav feem ntau yog siv atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau cov plasticizers, antioxidants thiab lwm yam additives muaj tsawg concentrations, thiab cov nrhiav kom tau mus txog ib tug tsawg heev nrhiav tau los yog quantification txwv (µg/L los yog mg/L). Ntxiv nrog rau lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam tshuaj leaching yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tsuav tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj leaching ua raws li cov kev cai hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov qauv ntsuas cuam tshuam thiab tsis muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg siv, cov tshuaj leaching no yog ib txwm ua tau zoo.

2.2 Kev ua haujlwm thib ob ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke

Kev sib piv ntawm cov txheej txheem thib ob ntawm cov khoom ntim thiab cov ntsiab lus feem ntau yog hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov xim thiab luam ntawv txheej txheem ntawm ntim cov khoom nrog cov ntsiab lus. Cov txheej txheem xim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim feem ntau suav nrog anodized aluminium, electroplating, txau, kos duab kub thiab nyiaj, theem nrab oxidation, txhaj tshuaj molding xim, thiab lwm yam. luam ntawv, offset luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Hom kev sib tw no feem ntau yog hais txog smearing cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov qauv tso rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig rau lub sijhawm ntev lossis luv luv. kev sim. Cov ntsuas ntsuas feem ntau yog seb qhov zoo li ntawm cov khoom ntim yog tawg, deformed, faded, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias yuav muaj qee yam khoom ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv hauv tus number case, tus number case rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntim khoom thaum lub sij hawm lub kev ua haujlwm thib ob. Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw hauv cov khoom yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas.

3. Cov ntsiab lus thiab Outlook

Daim ntawv no muab qee yam kev pab rau kev xaiv cov khoom ntim los ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv ntim cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov yam tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muab qee qhov kev siv rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom los ntawm kev qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov khoom ntim. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no muaj ob peb txoj cai cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce, tsuas yog tam sim no "Cosmetic Safety Technical Specifications" (2015 edition) qhia tias "cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom uas ncaj qha mus rau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb, tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab yuav tsum tsis tsiv teb tsaws los yog tso rau tib neeg lub cev. Cov tshuaj lom thiab phom sij. " Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nws yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo hauv lub ntim nws tus kheej los yog kev sim ua kom sib haum, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce, ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov tuam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws, cov tuam txhab tshuaj pleev ib ce kuj tseem yuav tsim cov qauv coj los ntsuas nws, cov tuam txhab ntim khoom yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj kev siv cov tshuaj lom thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj rau hauv txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom. Nws ntseeg tau tias nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce los ntawm lub xeev thiab cov chaw haujlwm muaj feem cuam tshuam, qib ntawm kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim tshuaj pleev ib ce yuav txhim kho txuas ntxiv, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom siv pleev yuav tau lav ntxiv.